Master Marketing Opérationnel International

Le master Marketing Opérationnel International est la formation aux fonctions de chef de produit ou de chef de projet. Centré sur le marketing international et plus largement le développement de l’entreprise, ce master marketing est particulièrement riche sur la dimension digitale et permet aux étudiants d’acquérir les compétences clés pour réussir. La moitié des étudiants se placent dans de grands groupes internationaux, l’autre moitié sur des PME ou PMI. Ces entreprises sont pleinement conscientes de la nécessité de l’entretien d’un vivier de talents ayant les compétences marketing les plus récentes et capables de mettre en œuvre une exécution sans faille des décisions.

Lors de la première année du master marketing, la formation dispose d’un large tronc commun portant sur les piliers des sciences de gestion et de cours de sensibilisation au marketing digital, au marketing de l’innovation et aux stratégies de développement à l’international. Lors de la deuxième année, six grands cours assurent les fondamentaux du marketing et de la vente à l’international et quatre cours traitent du management international. Par ailleurs trois cours se focalisent sur la gestion de projet, la mesure de la performance et le reporting.

L’anglais est fortement développé tout au long des deux années (162h de cours prestés en anglais + préparation à l’examen du TOEIC).

Ce master marketing est organisé en quatre semestres valant chacun 30 crédits. Il peut être suivi en formation classique (avec stage) ou en apprentissage (en alternance hebdomadaire).

Créée en 1998, appuyée par des d’entreprises partenaires reconnues, assurant une insertion professionnelle d’excellent niveau, cette formation est aujourd’hui un master marketing de référence en marketing international et en marketing opérationnel. 

Bachelor Degree aux USA

Le Bachelor Degree est un diplôme américain correspondant à une licence française. Il se prépare en 4 années au sein de Four-Year Colleges, ces établissements que l’on appelle plus communément Universités.
Le Bachelor Degree est un diplôme de premier cycle universitaire (undergraduate).

Bachelor Degree : Major & Minor

Le diplôme de Bachelor délivré aux Etats-Unis est composé d’une majeure (major) et, éventuellement, d’une mineure (minor). La majeure correspond au sujet principal que l’étudiant a choisi d’étudier tandis que la mineure correspond à un second sujet d’études traité moins en profondeur mais que l’étudiant pourra tout de même mettre en avant lorsqu’il se retrouvera en situation de recherche d’emploi. Il n’est pas toujours obligatoire de choisir une mineure.

La majeure d’un Bachelor Degree aux Etats-Unis est composée d’un core curriculum (des cours obligatoires) d’un liberal arts curriculum (matières générales comme l’histoire, les mathématiques, la science…) et de cours spécifiques choisis par l’étudiant.

C’est parce que l’étudiant peut sélectionner une grande partie de ses cours qu’on parle souvent de diplôme sur mesure lorsqu’il s’agit des Bachelors Degrees aux USA.

La majeure n’est pas forcément choisie au début des études. Certaines universités ne permettent d’ailleurs à leurs étudiants de ne choisir leur majeure qu’à partir de la deuxième année. La première année du Bachelor Degree est donc consacrée à l’exploration de différentes disciplines.

Les différents Bachelor Degrees

A la fin de sa formation, l’étudiant obtient donc un Bachelor Degree qu’il aura généralement validé en 4 années (124 à 128 credit hours). On distingue au moins deux types de Bachelors : le Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) et le Bachelor of Science (B.S.).

Il n’est pas possible de donner une définition précise de l’un ou de l’autre ni d’établir une différence entre le Bachelor of Arts et le Bachelor of Science tant leur contenu et leur forme diffère d’un établissement à l’autre.

On dit communément que le Bachelor of Arts est un diplôme généraliste plutôt consacré aux sciences humaines (socilologie, économie, psychologie, histoire, géographie…). Toutefois, on peut retrouver des Bachelor of Arts dans des disciplines de sciences exactes ou de sciences naturelles. Par exemple, un Bachelor of Arts in Chemistry (chimie). La différence tient parfois à un petit détail. Pour continuer avec l’exemple de la chimie, dans certaines universités, un étudiant qui choisira un Bachelor of Arts in Chemistry devra obligatoirement étudier une langue étrangère tandis que l’étude d’une langue étrangère sera facultative pour un étudiant qui choisira un Bachelor of Science in Chemistry.

Undergraduate Education System Online master degree

Two-Year Programs

There are over 1,000 two-year colleges in the United States. These schools are also known as junior or community colleges. In most states, community colleges are operated either by a division of the state university or by local special districts subject to guidance from a state agency. Students who choose a two-year program route in higher education study to earn an associate (also known as intermediate) degree. Associate degrees are awarded by a community, junior or technical college indicating that you have completed a program of study with a broad base in general education and a concentration in a specific area.

In order to obtain an associate degree, you must earn 60 semester credit hours, which typically takes about two years. Programs generally consist of three parts: general education requirements, requirements within your major (or concentrated area of study) and electives (courses of your own choosing based on your interests).

Two-Year Undergraduate Degrees

There are different types of associate degrees. Both the A.A. online master online master   (or Associate of Arts degree) and A.S. online master  (Associate of Science degree) are designed to prepare students to transfer into a 4-year college or university. For example, you may earn an A.A. in Early Childhood Education, then transfer to a 4-year university. At the university, you can study further to earn a online master   that will enable you to become a teacher at a preschool or elementary school.

Some community colleges have automatic enrollment agreements with a local college, meaning that the community college will provide the student with their first two years of study and the university provides the remaining years of study, occasionally all on one campus.

Other associate degrees, such as an A.A.S. online master  (Associate of Applied Science degree), are designed to prepare students to join the workforce immediately following their two years of study. These degrees, also called occupational or vocational, are sometimes preferred by employers in science and technology-related industries for mid-level jobs.

Four-Year Programs

Over 2,000 colleges and universities offer four-year programs in which students earn a bachelor’s degree. Last year, over 1.3 million people in the United States earned this degree. Commonly called a “college degree,” the undergraduate bachelor’s online master online master online master   typically takes four years to complete and is comprised of 120-128 semester credit hours (60 of which may be transferred from an associate  online master online master online master at a community college - see 2 year programs above).

The four years spent as an undergraduate at a university are typically known as the freshman, sophomore, junior and senior years. The curriculum of many undergraduate programs is based on a “liberal arts” philosophy in which students are required to study courses from a range of subjects to form a broad educational foundation. These general education courses include study in English composition, social sciences, humanities, history, mathematics and natural or physical sciences.

Cloud computing

Cloud computing

Le cloud computing1, ou l’informatique en nuage ou nuagique ou encore l’infonuagique (au Québec), est l'exploitation de la puissance de calcul ou de stockage de serveurs informatiques distants par l'intermédiaire d'un réseau, généralement l'internet. Ces serveurs sont loués à la demande, le plus souvent par tranche d'utilisation selon des critères techniques (puissance, bande passante, etc.) mais également au forfait. Le cloud computing se caractérise par sa grande souplesse : selon le niveau de compétence de l'utilisateur client, il est possible de gérer soi-même son serveur ou de se contenter d'utiliser des applicatifs distants en mode SaaS2,3,4. Selon la définition du National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), le cloud computing est l'accès via un réseau de télécommunications, à la demande et en libre-service, à des ressources informatiques partagées configurables5. Il s'agit donc d'une délocalisation de l'infrastructure informatique.

Les grandes entreprises du secteur informatique comme IBM, Microsoft, Google, Dell, Amazon et Oracle, Apple, Hewlett-Packard, Thales Services ou Orange Business Services font la promotion du cloud computing6, qui constitue un important changement de paradigme des systèmes informatiques, jusque-là constitués de serveurs situés au sein même de l'entreprise.

Terminologi

En France, la Commission générale de terminologie et de néologie précise qu'il s'agit d'une forme particulière de gérance de l'informatique, dans laquelle l'emplacement et le fonctionnement dans le nuage ne sont pas portés à la connaissance des clients 7. L'anglicisme cloud computation est largement utilisé en France.
Les francisations « informatique en nuage »7, « informatique dématérialisée »9, ou plus rarement « infographique »10 sont également utilisées.

Internet hosting service

An Internet hosting service is a service that runs Internet servers, allowing organizations and individuals to serve content to the Internet. There are various levels of service and various kinds of services offered.

A common kind of hosting is web hosting. Most hosting providers offer a combination of services; e-mail hosting, for example. DNS hosting service is usually bundled with domain name registration.

Generic kinds of Internet hosting provide a server where the clients can run anything they want (including web servers and other servers) and have Internet connections with good upstream bandwidth.

Full-featured hosting Process

Full-featured hosting services include:

Complex Managed Hosting, applies to both physical dedicated servers and virtual servers, with many companies choosing a hybrid (combination of physical and virtual) hosting solution. There are many similarities between standard and complex managed hosting but the key difference is the level of administrative and engineering support that the customer pays for – owing to both the increased size and complexity of the infrastructure deployment. The provider steps in to take over most of the management, including security, memory, storage and IT support. The service is primarily proactive in nature. [1]
Dedicated hosting service, also called managed hosting service, where the hosting service provider owns and manages the machine, leasing full control to the client. Management of the server can include monitoring to ensure the server continues to work effectively, backup services, installation of security patches and various levels of technical support.
Virtual private server, in which virtualization technology is employed in order to allow multiple logical servers to run on a single physical server
Colocation facilities provide just the Internet connection, uninterruptible power and climate control, but let the client do his own system administration; the most expensive
Cloud hosting, which can also be termed time-share or on-demand hosting, in which the user only pays for the system time and space used, and capacity can be quickly scaled up or down as computing requirements change.

Web hosting service

A web hosting service is a type of Internet hosting service that allows individuals and organizations to make their website accessible via the World Wide Web. Web hosts are companies that provide space on a server owned or leased for use by clients, as well as providing Internet connectivity, typically in a data center. Web hosts can also provide data center space and connectivity to the Internet for other servers located in their data center, called colocation, also known as Housing in Latin America or France.

The scope of web hosting services varies greatly. The most basic is web page and small-scale file hosting, where files can be uploaded via File Transfer Protocol (FTP) or a Web interface. The files are usually delivered to the Web "as is" or with minimal processing. Many Internet service providers (ISPs) offer this service free to subscribers. Individuals and organizations may also obtain Web page hosting from alternative service providers. Personal web site hosting is typically free, advertisement-sponsored, or inexpensive. Business web site hosting often has a higher expense depending upon the size and type of the site.

Single page hosting is generally sufficient for personal web pages. A complex site calls for a more comprehensive package that provides database support and application development platforms (e.g. PHP, Java, Ruby on Rails, ColdFusion, or ASP.NET). These facilities allow customers to write or install scripts for applications like forums and content management. Also, Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) is typically used for websites that wish to keep the data transmitted, more secure.

The host may also provide an interface or control panel for managing the Web server and installing scripts, as well as other modules and service applications like e-mail. A web server that does not use a control panel for managing the hosting account, is often referred to as a "headless" server. Some hosts specialize in certain software or services (e.g. e-commerce, blogs, etc.).


Types of hosting

Internet hosting services can run Web servers.
Many large companies that are not internet service providers need to be permanently connected to the web to send email, files, etc. to other sites. The company may use the computer as a website host to provide details of their goods and services and facilities for online orders.

Free web hosting service: offered by different companies with limited services, sometimes supported by advertisements, and often limited when compared to paid hosting.
Shared web hosting service: one's website is placed on the same server as many other sites, ranging from a few sites to hundreds of websites. Typically, all domains may share a common pool of server resources, such as RAM and the CPU. The features available with this type of service can be quite basic and not flexible in terms of software and updates. Resellers often sell shared web hosting and web companies often have reseller accounts to provide hosting for clients.
Reseller web hosting: allows clients to become web hosts themselves. Resellers could function, for individual domains, under any combination of these listed types of hosting, depending on who they are affiliated with as a reseller. Resellers' accounts may vary tremendously in size: they may have their own virtual dedicated server to a colocated server. Many resellers provide a nearly identical service to their provider's shared hosting plan and provide the technical support themselves.
Virtual Dedicated Server: also known as a Virtual Private Server (VPS), divides server resources into virtual servers, where resources can be allocated in a way that does not directly reflect the underlying hardware. VPS will often be allocated resources based on a one server to many VPSs relationship, however virtualisation may be done for a number of reasons, including the ability to move a VPS container between servers. The users may have root access to their own virtual space. Customers are sometimes responsible for patching and maintaining the server (unmanaged server) or the VPS provider may provide server admin tasks for the customer (managed server).
Dedicated hosting service: the user gets his or her own Web server and gains full control over it (user has root access for Linux/administrator access for Windows); however, the user typically does not own the server. One type of dedicated hosting is self-managed or unmanaged. This is usually the least expensive for dedicated plans. The user has full administrative access to the server, which means the client is responsible for the security and maintenance of his own dedicated server.
Managed hosting service: the user gets his or her own Web server but is not allowed full control over it (user is denied root access for Linux/administrator access for Windows); however, they are allowed to manage their data via FTP or other remote management tools. The user is disallowed full control so that the provider can guarantee quality of service by not allowing the user to modify the server or potentially create configuration problems. The user typically does not own the server. The server is leased to the client.
Colocation web hosting service: similar to the dedicated web hosting service, but the user owns the colo server; the hosting company provides physical space that the server takes up and takes care of the server. This is the most powerful and expensive type of web hosting service. In most cases, the colocation provider may provide little to no support directly for their client's machine, providing only the electrical, Internet access, and storage facilities for the server. In most cases for colo, the client would have his own administrator visit the data center on site to do any hardware upgrades or changes. Formerly, many colocation providers would accept any system configuration for hosting, even ones housed in desktop-style minitower cases, but most hosts now require rack mount enclosures and standard system configurations.
Cloud hosting: is a new type of hosting platform that allows customers powerful, scalable and reliable hosting based on clustered load-balanced servers and utility billing. A cloud hosted website may be more reliable than alternatives since other computers in the cloud can compensate when a single piece of hardware goes down. Also, local power disruptions or even natural disasters are less problematic for cloud hosted sites, as cloud hosting is decentralized. Cloud hosting also allows providers to charge users only for resources consumed by the user, rather than a flat fee for the amount the user expects they will use, or a fixed cost upfront hardware investment. Alternatively, the lack of centralization may give users less control on where their data is located which could be a problem for users with data security or privacy concerns.
Clustered hosting: having multiple servers hosting the same content for better resource utilization. Clustered servers are a perfect solution for high-availability dedicated hosting, or creating a scalable web hosting solution. A cluster may separate web serving from database hosting capability. (Usually web hosts use clustered hosting for their shared hosting plans, as there are multiple benefits to the mass managing of clients)
Grid hosting: this form of distributed hosting is when a server cluster acts like a grid and is composed of multiple nodes.

Home server: usually a single machine placed in a private residence can be used to host one or more web sites from a usually consumer-grade broadband connection. These can be purpose-built machines or more commonly old PCs. Some ISPs actively attempt to block home servers by disallowing incoming requests to TCP port 80 of the user's connection and by refusing to provide static IP addresses. A common way to attain a reliable DNS host name is by creating an account with a dynamic DNS service. A dynamic DNS service will automatically change the IP address that a URL points to when the IP address changes.